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MySQL主从复制是一种常用的数据库高可用性解决方案#xff0c;通过在主数据库上记录的数据变更#xff0c;同步到一个或多个从数据库#xff0c;实现数据的冗余备份和读写分离。在Docker环境下搭建MySQL主从复制和读写分离#xff0c;不仅方便管理#xff0c;还…
一. 介绍
MySQL主从复制是一种常用的数据库高可用性解决方案通过在主数据库上记录的数据变更同步到一个或多个从数据库实现数据的冗余备份和读写分离。在Docker环境下搭建MySQL主从复制和读写分离不仅方便管理还能充分发挥Docker的轻量、可移植性等特性。
二. 准备工作
在开始搭建之前请确保你的系统已经安装好Docker和Docker Compose
三. 步骤
1. Docker安装三台mysql服务器
一主二从mysql1是主mysql2和mysql3为从
# 安装第一台MySQL
docker run -d -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD123456 -p 3301:3306 --namemysql1 mysql:5.6# 安装第二台MySQL
docker run -d -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD123456 -p 3302:3306 --namemysql2 mysql:5.6# 安装第三台MySQL
docker run -d -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD123456 -p 3303:3306 --namemysql3 mysql:5.62. 修改三台容器配置文件/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
mysql1配置文件
# Copyright (c) 2014, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 2.0,
# as published by the Free Software Foundation.
#
# This program is also distributed with certain software (including
# but not limited to OpenSSL) that is licensed under separate terms,
# as designated in a particular file or component or in included license
# documentation. The authors of MySQL hereby grant you an additional
# permission to link the program and your derivative works with the
# separately licensed software that they have included with MySQL.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License, version 2.0, for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA#
# The MySQL Server configuration file.
#
# For explanations see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/server-system-variables.html[mysqld]
pid-file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
datadir /var/lib/mysql
#log-error /var/log/mysql/error.log
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links0# 加入下方两行配置
server-id1 #任意自然数n只要保证每台MySQL主机不重复就可以了。
log-binmysql-bin #开启二进制日志
myslq2配置文件
# Copyright (c) 2014, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 2.0,
# as published by the Free Software Foundation.
#
# This program is also distributed with certain software (including
# but not limited to OpenSSL) that is licensed under separate terms,
# as designated in a particular file or component or in included license
# documentation. The authors of MySQL hereby grant you an additional
# permission to link the program and your derivative works with the
# separately licensed software that they have included with MySQL.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License, version 2.0, for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA#
# The MySQL Server configuration file.
#
# For explanations see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/server-system-variables.html[mysqld]
pid-file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
datadir /var/lib/mysql
#log-error /var/log/mysql/error.log
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links0# 加入下方两行配置
server-id2 #任意自然数n只要保证每台MySQL主机不重复就可以了。
log-binmysql-bin #开启二进制日志
mysql3配置文件
# Copyright (c) 2014, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 2.0,
# as published by the Free Software Foundation.
#
# This program is also distributed with certain software (including
# but not limited to OpenSSL) that is licensed under separate terms,
# as designated in a particular file or component or in included license
# documentation. The authors of MySQL hereby grant you an additional
# permission to link the program and your derivative works with the
# separately licensed software that they have included with MySQL.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License, version 2.0, for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA#
# The MySQL Server configuration file.
#
# For explanations see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/server-system-variables.html[mysqld]
pid-file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
datadir /var/lib/mysql
#log-error /var/log/mysql/error.log
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links0# 加入下方两行配置
server-id3 #任意自然数n只要保证每台MySQL主机不重复就可以了。
log-binmysql-bin #开启二进制日志
3. 重启MySQL容器
docker restart mysql1
docker restart mysql2
docker restart mysql34. 配置主库
docker exec -it mysql1 /bin/bash
mysql -uroot -p123456
# 查看主库配置是否生效
SHOW VARIABLES LIKE server_id; 5. 为从库创建同步账户
root 为创建的同步用户的用户名123456为同步用户的密码
GRANT REPLICATION CLIENT,REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO root% IDENTIFIED BY 123456; 验证 mysql use mysql; Database changed mysql select user,host,password from user; ------------------------------------------------------------ | user | host | password | ------------------------------------------------------------ | root | localhost | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | | root | % | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | ------------------------------------------------------------ 6. 修改从库数据
进入从库
docker exec -it mysql2 /bin/bashmysql -uroot -p123456查看主库ip
docker inspect mysql1
{Gateway: 172.17.0.1,GlobalIPv6Address: ,GlobalIPv6PrefixLen: 0,IPAddress: 172.17.0.6, # 此为主库ip--设置同步所用IPPrefixLen: 16,IPv6Gateway: ,
}查看主库同步状态
# 在主库中输入如下查看
mysql show master status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************File: mysql-bin.000001 # 此为日志文件名--设置同步所用Position: 338 # 此为同步位置--设置同步所用
在两个从库执行如下代码
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST172.17.0.6,
MASTER_PORT3306,
MASTER_USERroot,
MASTER_PASSWORD123456,
MASTER_LOG_FILEmysql-bin.000001,
MASTER_LOG_POS338; # Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.02 sec)# CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST172.17.0.6, #主库IP
# MASTER_PORT3306, #主服务器端口
# MASTER_USERuser, #主服务器用户名
# MASTER_PASSWORD123456, #主服务器用户密码
# MASTER_LOG_FILEmysql-bin.000001, #日志文件名获取方法往上看
# MASTER_LOG_POS338; #同步位置获取方式往上看启动从库同步
mysql start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)检测同步状态
mysql show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send eventMaster_Host: 172.17.0.6Master_User: rootMaster_Port: 3306Connect_Retry: 60Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001Read_Master_Log_Pos: 338Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin.000002Relay_Log_Pos: 283Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001Slave_IO_Running: YesSlave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 338Relay_Log_Space: 457Until_Condition: NoneUntil_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0Master_SSL_Allowed: NoMaster_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: NoLast_IO_Errno: 0Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 1Master_UUID: ce3fdd70-be78-11ee-978e-0242ac110006Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.infoSQL_Delay: 0SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULLSlave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update itMaster_Retry_Count: 86400Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: Executed_Gtid_Set: Auto_Position: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec) 如果Slave_IO_Running不为Yes 请检查 MASTER_LOG_FILE 的值是否正确就是mysql-bin.000001和338这两个数据 修改示例如下
stop slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST172.17.0.6,- MASTER_PORT3306, - MASTER_USERroot, - MASTER_PASSWORD123456,- MASTER_LOG_FILEmysql-bin.000001, - MASTER_LOG_POS338;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)mysql start alve; 7. 检测是否完成
在主库上创建数据库及表
create database test_mysql charsetutf8;
use test_mysql;
create table user(id int primary key auto_increment);此时从库出现数据库和数据表 四. 注意事项
配置文件中的密码、端口、数据库名称等信息请根据实际情况进行修改。定期备份数据库以保证数据的安全性。注意MySQL版本的兼容性。
五. 总结
通过Docker搭建MySQL主从复制和读写分离不仅简化了部署过程还提高了系统的可维护性。合理配置主从关系和读写分离可以优化数据库性能提高系统的稳定性和可用性。
